Comoros - Comores - Komori - القمر (KM)
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1. Language information / Données sur les langues
1.1 Languages spoken / Langues parlées
a) Official / Officielle(s) :
Shikomor (Comorian), French and Arabic, as stipulated in the constitution (Aménagement linguistique).
b) National, indigenous / Nationale(s), indigène(s) :
Ethnologue's list at http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KM shows 4 dialects of Comorian (Shikomor)
c) Relevant pages in the Major Languages section of this report / Pages appropriées dans la section de ce rapport sur les Langues principales :
Swahili, though Shikomor is different enough that intercomprehension is difficult.
1.2 Language policy / Politique de langue
a) Laws/legislation / Lois/législation :
The site L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde has a page on Comoros at http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/comores.htm
b) Agencies / Agences :
Institut pédagogique national
MORONI
(Source: UNESCO, 1985)
c) Languages in education/literacy / Langues dans l'éducation/l'alphabétisation :
UNDP (2006) gives a literacy figure (without reference to which language[s]) of: 56%
1.3 Writing in national/indigenous languages / Ecriture en langues nationales/indigènes
a) Orthographies / Orthographes :
The Latin alphabet is used for Shikamor.
b) Print publications / Editions imprimées :
1.4 Other comments / Autre commentaire
2. ICT situation / Situation des TIC
2.1 Infrastructure / Infrastructure
a) Telephones / Téléphones :
- Fixed lines:
- Telephone mainlines: 12 per 1000 people (APC)
- Telephones - main lines in use: 16,900 (2005) (CIA)
- Mobile subscriptions:
- 2000 (0.3 per 100 people) (ITU 2004 cited in Vodafone 2005)
- Telephones - mobile cellular: 16,100 (2005) (CIA)
- GSM companies & coverage : http://www.gsmworld.com/roaming/gsminfo/cou_km.shtml
b) Radio stations / Stations de radio :
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) (CIA)
c) Connectivity / Connectivité :
- International internet bandwidth / Bande passante internationale d'internet :
- ISPs / FSI : 1 (1999) (Wikipedia)
- Internet hosts : 5 on .km domain (ISC); CIA (2006) also gives the number of 5
- Geographic coverage / Couverture géographique :
2.2 Computer & internet access / Accès aux ordinateurs et à l'internet
a) Computers & points of access / Ordinateurs et lieux d'accès :
- Number of computers / Nombre d'ordinateurs: 5.5 per 1000 people (APC)
- Cybercafés / Cybercafés:
- Project telecentres / Télécentres de projets:
b) Internet / Internet :
- Dial-up subscribers / Abonnés par ligne téléphonique :
- Internet users / Utilisateurs de l'internet : 20,000 Internet users as of Sept/05, 2.9% of the population, per ITU (Internet World Stats)
c) Other / Autre :
- Digital Opportunity Index (DOI): 0.14 (ITU 2006)
2.3 ICT policy / Politique de TIC
According to WikiEducator: "Comoros has a national ICT policy which includes consideration for the provision of access to and use of ICTs in education."
Comoros adopted a National Information and Communications Infrastructure (NICI) plan in 2004 (UNECA/AISI)
Govt. ICT Policy is discussed in: "Lettre de Politique de Développement des Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (NTIC) 2004-2008" http://www.uneca.org/aisi/nici/Documents/LETTRE%20%20DE%20%20POLITIQUE%20%20%20NTIC%20COMORES.pdf
More information on Comoro's NICI policy is available at:
- NICI country page http://www.uneca.org/aisi/nici/Comoros/comoros.htm
- NICI policy http://www.uneca.org/aisi/nici/country_profiles/Comoros/compol.htm
- NICI country profile/background (not recently updated; has links to other NICI pages) http://www.uneca.org/aisi/nici/country_profiles/Comoros/comab.htm
The APC page, "ICT Policy in Comoros" has some information and links:
- In English: http://rights.apc.org/africa/index.shtml?apc=s21838e_1
- En français: http://afrique.droits.apc.org/index.shtml?apc=s21838e_1
2.4 ICT4D/E & ICT training / TIC pour le développement/éducation, et formation en TIC
WikiEducator has a page on ICTs and education, including table on enabling and constraining factors, at http://www.wikieducator.org/ICT4Africa/Country_Report_Comoros
2.5 Resources / Ressources
3. Localisation situation / Situation de localisation
3.1 Country web content / Contenu web du pays
3.2 Web content in indigenous languages / Contenu web en langues indigènes
3.3 Software localisation / Localisation de logiciel
Not aware of any software localisation activities.
3.4 Projects & organisations / Projets et organisations
3.5 Localisation policy / Politique de localisation
4. References / Références
APC, "ICT Policy in Comoros," Africa ICT Policy Monitor, http://rights.apc.org/africa/index.shtml?apc=s21838e_1 ("Politiques de TIC en/au Comores," Observatoire des politiques des TIC en Afrique, http://afrique.droits.apc.org/index.shtml?apc=s21838e_1
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). 2006. World Information Society Report 2006. Geneva: ITU. http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/worldinformationsociety/2006/wisr-web.pdf
______. 2004. African Telecommunication Indicators 2004. Geneva: ITU.
Internet Systems Consortium (ISC), "Distribution of Top-Level Domain Names by Host Country, Jan 2007" http://www.isc.org/index.pl?/ops/ds/reports/2007-02/dist-bynum.php
Internet World Stats: Africa. 2006. http://internetworldstats.com/africa.htm
Leclerc, Jacques. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, "Comoros," http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/comores.htm
SIL International, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, "Languages of Comoros," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KM
UNDP. 2006. ''Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. Human Development Report 2006.'' New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). [Human development index Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older) (HDI) http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/indicators/3.html ]
UNECA/AISI (2005?) "NICI Country Pages: Comoros" http://www.uneca.org/aisi/nici/Comoros/comoros.htm
UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa. 1985. African Community Languages and Their Use in Literacy and Education: A Regional Survey. Dakar: UNESCO.
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), "The World Factbook: Comoros," https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cn.html
WikiEducator, "ICT4Africa/Country Report Comoros," http://www.wikieducator.org/ICT4Africa/Country_Report_Comoros
Wikipedia, "Communications in Comoros," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_in_Comoros
______, "Comores (pays)," http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comores
______, "Comoros," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros