Zimbabwe (ZW)
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1. Language information / Données sur les langues
1.1 Languages spoken / Langues parlées
a) Official / Officielle(s) :
English, Shona, Northern Ndebele, Venda, Nambya, Shangaan, Kalanga, Suthu and Tonga. English is the "language of record" of the government.
b) National, indigenous / Nationale(s), indigène(s) :
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde suggests there are 4 levels of languages in Zimbabwe:
- English as "co-official" and language of government
- Shona and Ndebele as "co-official" and national
- Other "co-official" languages (Venda, Nambya, Shangaan, Kalanga, Suthu, Tonga)
- Other national languages that are not official
Ethnologue lists 19 maternal languages at http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ZW
c) Relevant pages in the Major Languages section of this report / Pages appropriées dans la section de ce rapport sur les Langues principales :
Shona, (Northern) Ndebele, Venda, Sotho/Tswana
There is a page on Tonga in the More Languages section.
1.2 Policy / Politique
a) Laws/legislation / Lois/législation :
The site L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde has a page on Zimbabwe at http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/zimbabwe.htm
b) Agencies / Agences :
Department of African Languages, University of Zimbabwe, HARARE
(Source: UNESCO, 1985)
c) Languages in education/literacy / Langues dans l'éducation/l'alphabétisation :
UNDP (2006) gives a literacy figure (without reference to which language[s]) of: 90%
1.3 Writing in national/indigenous languages / Ecriture en langues nationales/indigènes
a) Orthographies / Orthographes :
The Latin alphabet is used.
b) Print publications / Editions imprimées :
1.4 Other comments / Autre commentaire
2. ICT situation / Situation des TIC
2.1 Infrastructure / Infrastructure
a) Telephones / Téléphones :
- Fixed lines: 19 per 1000 people (APC)
- Mobile subscriptions: 363,000 (3.1 per 100 people) (ITU 2004 cited in Vodafone 2005)
b) Radio stations / Stations de radio :
c) Connectivity / Connectivité :
- International internet bandwidth / Bande passante internationale d'internet :
- ISPs / FSI :
- Geographic coverage / Couverture géographique :
2.2 Computer & internet access / Accès aux ordinateurs et à l'internet
a) Computers & points of access / Ordinateurs et lieux d'accès :
- Number of computers / Nombre d'ordinateurs: 12.1 per 1000 people (APC)
- Cybercafés / Cybercafés:
- Project telecentres / Télécentres de projets:
b) Internet / Internet :
- Dial-up subscribers / Abonnés par ligne téléphonique :
- Internet users / Utilisateurs de l'internet : 820,000 Internet users as of Sept/05, 6.7% of the population, per ITU (Internet World Stats)
c) Other / Autre :
- Digital Opportunity Index (DOI): 0.17 (ITU 2006)
2.3 Policy / Politique
The APC page, "ICT Policy in Zimbabwe" has some information and links: http://rights.apc.org/africa/index.shtml?apc=s21820e_1
2.4 ICT4D/E & ICT training / TIC pour le développement/éducation, et formation en TIC
2.5 Resources / Ressources
3. Localisation situation / Situation de localisation
3.1 Country web content / Contenu web du pays
3.2 Web content in indigenous languages / Contenu web en langues indigènes
(See also specific language pages.)
3.3 Software localisation / Localisation de logiciel
(See also specific language pages.)
3.4 Projects & organisations / Projets et organisations
4. References / Références
APC, "ICT Policy in Zimbabwe," Africa ICT Policy Monitor, http://rights.apc.org/africa/index.shtml?apc=s21820e_1
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). 2006. World Information Society Report 2006. Geneva: ITU. http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/worldinformationsociety/2006/wisr-web.pdf
______. 2004. African Telecommunication Indicators 2004. Geneva: ITU.
Internet World Stats: Africa. 2006. http://internetworldstats.com/africa.htm
Leclerc, Jacques. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, "Zimbabwe," http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/zimbabwe.htm
SIL International, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, "Languages of Zimbabwe," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ZW
UNDP. 2006. ''Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. Human Development Report 2006.'' New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). [Human development index Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older) (HDI) http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/indicators/3.html ]
UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa. 1985. African Community Languages and Their Use in Literacy and Education: A Regional Survey. Dakar: UNESCO.
Vodafone. 2005. "Africa: The Impact of Mobile Phones." The Vodafone Policy Paper Series, Number 3, March 2005. http://www.vodafone.com/assets/files/en/GPP%20SIM%20paper.pdf
Wikipedia, "Zimbabwe," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe